The Data Center Debate

By state

Data centers in Wisconsin

9 data centers and projects on our map in Wisconsin, including 3 projects we track in detail. Each one links to its source. Below: where they are by county, the projects in the news, and the latest reporting from both sides.

See Wisconsin on the map. Existing facilities come from OpenStreetMap, a community-maintained public map that is incomplete; proposed, under construction and blocked projects are tracked one by one from news, filings and official records.

Projects in the news

Blocked, paused or withdrawn One year moratorium approved 13 to 0 on 2026-10-13

City of Milwaukee Data Center Moratorium

Milwaukee, Milwaukee

announced 2026-10-13

The Milwaukee Common Council unanimously paused new data center construction and expansion for one year while the city drafts permanent zoning rules addressing noise, energy, water and air quality. State law allows a six month extension, and site specific planned development rezonings may still move forward.

Issues raised: power, water, noise, air-pollution, zoning

Source: Urban Milwaukee, 2026-10-13 · On the map

Under construction Second building topped out, completion planned 2028

Lighthouse Campus

Port Washington, Ozaukee County · Operator: Vantage Data Centers for OpenAI and Oracle

902 MW · $15 billion · announced 2025-10-22

A 672 acre campus on Lake Michigan planned for four data centers totaling about 902 megawatts for the Stargate program. Local discussion covers construction employment that peaks around 5,000 workers, lake water use, and draft state legislation that would bar shifting data center energy and water costs onto residential customers.

Issues raised: power, water, jobs, transmission, tax-incentives

Source: Data Center Dynamics · On the map

Under construction First building finished June 2026, second building still being built

Microsoft Fairwater Mount Pleasant

Mount Pleasant, Racine County · Operator: Microsoft

announced 2023-03

Microsoft's first Fairwater AI datacenter opened on the former Foxconn site in June 2026 while a second announced facility remains under construction. The site is often cited in debates over reuse of subsidized industrial land, construction employment and Lake Michigan water diversion rules.

Issues raised: water, power, jobs, tax-incentives

Source: Microsoft, 2026-06-23 · On the map

By county

  • Milwaukee 1 on the map
    City of Milwaukee Data Center Moratorium
  • Ozaukee County 1 on the map
    Lighthouse Campus
  • Racine County 1 on the map
    Microsoft Fairwater Mount Pleasant

Latest news from Wisconsin

Supports the case against local October 13, 2026

Milwaukee Common Council passes one year data center moratorium 13 to 0

The Milwaukee Common Council unanimously approved a one year pause on new data center construction and expansion while city staff draft permanent zoning rules. The pause ends early if permanent rules are adopted sooner, and state law allows a six month extension. The business group Metropolitan Milwaukee Association of Commerce opposed the pause, saying it discourages investment, while the mayor and sponsoring alderman said it was needed to study noise, energy use, water use and air quality.

Urban Milwaukee Local opposition and consent Siting, zoning and standards

Check it: The pause expires in one year or when permanent rules are adopted, whichever is first, so this is not a permanent ban.

Cited by both sides company October 12, 2026

Microsoft files revised Mount Pleasant plan with fewer buildings but more floor area

Microsoft filed a revised plan on October 12 that would cut its Mount Pleasant campus from nine buildings to seven while raising total floor area to about 5.88 million square feet. The company told the village the change speeds development, but the filing reduces projected taxable value for the parcel by about 1.9 billion dollars; the plan commission takes it up October 14.

Daily Reporter Local property tax revenue State tax breaks Siting, zoning and standards

Check it: Compare the revised taxable value with Mount Pleasant's earlier estimates, since changes in assessed value affect how much the village and school district collect.

Supports the case against policy October 9, 2026

Wisconsin Republicans propose repeal of data center sales tax exemption

A group of four Republican state lawmakers released a co sponsorship memo on October 9 proposing to repeal the sales and use tax exemption for data centers enacted in Wisconsin's 2023 to 2025 budget. The Legislative Fiscal Bureau has estimated the exemption has saved developers about $1.5 billion. Democratic leaders called the proposal a stunt because the session calendar leaves little time to act.

Wisconsin Examiner State tax breaks Laws, bills and regulation

Check it: A memo circulating co sponsors is not a filed bill; no committee has scheduled action.

Supports the case for company October 2, 2026

Oracle offers to subscribe to Point Beach nuclear output, says deal would absorb $300 million in Wisconsin ratepayer costs

Oracle announced an agreement with We Energies to buy 125 to 250 MW from the Point Beach Nuclear Plant for its $15 billion Lighthouse Campus in Port Washington. Oracle says the deal, which needs Wisconsin Public Service Commission approval, would shift about $300 million in fuel costs from 2027 to 2033 off We Energies customers.

Forbes Who pays for the grid buildout Who holds the risk How much electricity data centers use

Check it: The $300 million figure is Oracle's own; the deal depends on PSC approval and the final contract terms, which have not been filed.

Supports the case for company October 2, 2026

Oracle files to buy up to 250 MW of Wisconsin nuclear output for Port Washington data center

We Energies and Oracle announced an agreement under which Oracle would subscribe to between 10 and 20 percent of the output of the Point Beach Nuclear Plant, roughly 125 to 250 MW, to help power the 1.3 GW Lighthouse Campus. Oracle said the arrangement could save other We Energies customers about $300 million in fuel costs between 2027 and 2033, pending Wisconsin Public Service Commission approval.

Civic Media Who pays for the grid buildout Who holds the risk How much electricity data centers use

Check it: The $300 million customer savings figure is Oracle's and We Energies' projection; verify against the PSC filing and intervenor testimony.

Supports the case for company October 2, 2026

Oracle files to subscribe to Point Beach nuclear output for its Wisconsin data center campus

Oracle told the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin it intends to subscribe directly to 10 to 20 percent of output from the Point Beach nuclear plant to serve a $15 billion AI data center campus being developed with OpenAI and Vantage near Port Washington. Oracle and We Energies say the arrangement would save Wisconsin utility customers roughly $300 million in fuel costs from 2027 through 2033 if the state regulator approves it.

The Daily Reporter Who pays for the grid buildout How much electricity data centers use Efficiency and forecasts

Check it: Check PSC Wisconsin docket filings for the actual contract terms, since the $300 million figure is a company projection; also whether existing customers lose preferred access to Point Beach power if Oracle takes a slice.

Supports the case against local October 1, 2026

Vilas County, Wisconsin, zoning committee moves 12 month data center moratorium to full board

The Vilas County Zoning and Planning Committee unanimously approved a 12 month moratorium on data centers, battery energy storage systems and certain large solar projects after a public hearing with no opposition from the public. The ordinance will go to the full Vilas County Board on November 10 and would exempt residential solar and home batteries, with the zoning administrator saying no developer has approached the county.

WXPR Local opposition and consent Siting, zoning and standards

Check it: A committee vote is not the final adoption; the November 10 county board vote decides whether the moratorium takes effect.

Cited by both sides local September 30, 2026

Madison Wisconsin releases zoning framework that would cap data centers at 100,000 square feet

Madison's planning department unveiled a proposed zoning framework on September 30 that would allow small, medium and large data centers in designated areas, cap individual buildings at 100,000 square feet and require a 1,000 foot separation between larger facilities. The proposal deliberately excludes hyperscale campuses. Public feedback runs through October, with a council vote expected in January 2027.

Channel 3000 Siting, zoning and standards Jobs Noise, appearance and rural character

Check it: The framework is still a draft and the final rules may change before the January vote, and the building size cap would not prevent many smaller colocation facilities.

Supports the case against local September 30, 2026

Manitowoc County, Wisconsin introduces draft data center ordinance

Manitowoc County on September 30 released a 24 page draft ordinance that defines a data center as 50,000 square feet or larger with at least 1,000 servers, caps facility size at 500 acres and limits conversion of agricultural land to no more than 100 acres per project. Companies would have to submit site plans and documentation of power, water, wastewater and air quality systems. The draft now goes to public review, county board discussion and a likely public hearing.

Seehafer News Siting, zoning and standards Water use Air quality and on-site power

Check it: The ordinance is a draft that still has to clear a public hearing and county board vote, and the acreage caps would not block most single building hyperscale buildings.

Supports the case against local September 28, 2026

Milwaukee plan commission advances one-year data center moratorium

The Milwaukee City Plan Commission unanimously approved a substitute ordinance pausing acceptance and processing of virtually any new data center application for one year, or until the city rewrites its zoning code to define and regulate the use. Supporters cited energy, water, air and noise concerns; the proposal now goes to the Common Council.

FOX6 Milwaukee Local opposition and consent Siting, zoning and standards Laws, bills and regulation

Check it: The plan commission recommendation still has to pass the Common Council before it takes effect.

Weighing it up

For the arguments behind these fights, see the case for data centers, the case against, and the questions people ask, each answered from both sides.